Chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1-initiated and carbon tetrachloride-promoted hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat by green tea Qin G, Ning Y, Lotlikar PD Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology and the Department of Biochemistry, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA. Chemoprevention of hepatocarcinogenesis by green tea (GT) has been examined in young male Fischer rats fed AIN-76A diet with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and CCl4 as the initiator and promoter, respectively. Animals were administered AFB1 (0.25 mg/kg body wt ip) twice a week for 2 weeks, and 2 weeks later, CCl4 was injected (0.8 ml/kg body wt ip) once per week for 11 weeks. Rats given 0.5% GT in their drinking water before and during initiation (0-4 wk) or during promotion (6-16 wk) or throughout the experimental period were sacrificed 24 hours after the last dose of CCl4. Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation as a measure of cell proliferation and glutathione S-transferase placentalform- and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatic foci were analyzed by histochemical methods. Feeding of GT during initiation or promotion inhibited the number of glutathione S-transferase placental form- and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive hepatic foci by 30-40% and the area and volume by 50%. GT treatment throughout the period inhibited the number of both types of hepatic foci by 60% and the area and volume by 75-80%. Cell proliferation was inhibited 35% by GT given during promotion, whereas inhibition was 65% when GT was given during initiation or throughout the period. These results indicate that GT feeding inhibits initiation and promotion steps of AFB1 hepatocarcinogenesis and that the inhibition of cell proliferation is responsible for the inhibition of promotion.