Scientific literature

The following papers were compiled from credible resources and are to be utilized for research/education purposes, not for self-diagnosis.  It is recommended that you see a physician who may be experienced in detecting fungal related illness to be able to diagnose, treat, and follow-up on any areas of concern. If we do not have what you want here or online, just ask us as we have a lengthy library, and we may be able to obtain the articles for you, including our independent research.  Mold Help is always happy to assist the public in any possible way. 

* Stars denote readers ratings.  We always welcome feedback.

Human/IAQ Studies

A case of eumycetoma due to madurella grisea in northern Brazil-Rating **

A modern scientific perspective on prof. Dr. Enderlein's concept of microbial life cycles-Rating **

A risk assessment model for mycotoxin-producing molds on human health in indoor environments Rating **

A role for antibodies in the generation of memory antifungal immunity-Rating **

A toxic mold cleanup guide-Rating ***

Abundant respirable ergot alkaloids from the common airborne fungus aspergillus fumigatus-Rating **

Acute cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to wangiella dermatitidis accompanied by cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia-Rating **

Acute pulmonary hemorrhage/hemosiderosis among infants-"altered" version/-Rating *

Adsorption, desorption, and chemical reactions in the particulate matter collected on air filters and ducts-Rating ***

Adverse health effects of indoor molds-Rating *****

Aflatoxin and liver cancer-Rating**

Agonistic and antagonistic effects of zearalenone, an etrogenic mycotoxin, human cancer cell lines-Rating***

Air pollutants and respiratory hypersensitivity

Air pollution and health in urban area

Air quality restoration in a fungal contaminated building-Rating**

Air sampling instrument performance instrument performance I (particulate)-Rating**

Air sampling results in relation to extent of fungal colonization of building materials in some water-damaged buildings-Rating***

Airborne concentrations of trichoderma and stachybotrys linked to mycotoxicosis-Rating***

Air pollution, aeroallergens and cardiorespiratory emergency department visits in Saint John, Canada

Air pollution and hospital admissions for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Hong Kong

Allergen-irritant interaction and the role of corticosteroids

Allergy and immunity to fungal infections and colonization-Rating***

American Academy of Pediatrics: toxic effects of indoor molds-Rating***

An approach to management of critical indoor air problems in school buildings 

An assessment of exposure and respiratory health among sewage treatment pressman workers-Rating**

Analysis for stachybotrys toxins-Rating***

Anatomy of a fungal problem-Rating***

Antifungal activity of propolis on different species of Candida - Rating ***

Antimicrobial activity of grapefruit seed and pulp ethanolic extract - Rating ***

Aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus in an infant due to aspergillus infection-Rating**

Aspergilloma in the paracavernous region--two case reports-Rating**

Aspergillosis of the central nervous system: a catastrophic opportunistic infection-Rating**

Aspergillosis involving the thoracic spinal cord--an autopsy case-Rating**

Aspergillus fumigatus suppresses the human cellular immune response-Rating***

Aspergillus fumigatus suppresses the human cellular immune response via gliotoxin-mediated apoptosis of monocytes-Rating***

Aspergillus pacemaker endocarditis presenting as pulmonary embolism

Aspergillus pituitary abscess-Rating**

Aspergillus brain abscess in a patient with normal immunity--case report-Rating***

Assessing bioaerosols in elementary school classrooms-Rating**

Associations between daily mortalities from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and air pollution in Hong Kong, China

Asthma and ambient air pollution in Helsinki

Bioaerosol lung damage in a worker with repeated exposure to fungi in a water damaged building-Rating***

Biochemical changes in the serum of patients with chronic toxigenic mold exposures: a risk factor for multiple renal dysfunctions-Rating***

Biochemistry and secondary metabolism

Biomarkers of exposure to microbial contaminants

Blastomycosis of long bones

Brainstem auditory evoked response in adolescents with acoustic mycotic  neuroma due to environmental exposure to toxic molds

Building-associated pulmonary disease from exposure to stachybotrys chartarum and aspergillus versicolor

Building-related illness in occupants of mold-contaminated houses

Breathing and mould-Rating**

Can microbial volatile metabolites cause irritation at indoor air concentrations?

Case presentation: stachybotrys chartarum - a mould found in water damaged buildings

Case report-disseminated aspergillosis complicating pregnancy

Cellular and humoral responses in an animal model inhaling penicillium chrysogenum spores

Cellular and molecular mechanisms for immune modulation

Central nervous system paracoccidioidomycosis: case report and review

Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis caused by ramichloridium obovoideum (ramichloridium mackenziei): case report

Chaetomium mycotoxins with antiinsectan Or antifungal activity

Changes in VEGF, MMP9 and leptin correlate with acute and chronic illness symptoms and visual contrast sensitivity in patients from water damaged buildings

Chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1-induced genotoxicity and hepatic oxidative damage in rats by kolaviron, a natural biflavonoid of Garcinia kola seeds

Chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in aflatoxin

Children's health and indoor mold exposure

Chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by aspergillus

Chronic toxic encephalopathies apparently related to exposure to toxigenic fungi

Comparative studies of collection efficiency of airborne fungal using Andersen single-stage sampler and Air-O-Cell cassettes -Rating**

Development of methods to monitor the success of repair measures

Diagnosing the cause of a "sick building:" case study of an epidemiological and microbiological investigation

Diagnostic marker for CFS? The poker game going on in our genes

Differential association of HLA DR genotypes with chronic, neurotoxin-mediated illnesses: Possible genetic basis for susceptibility?

Different methods to characterize moldy buildings

Diffusion-weighted imaging of fungal cerebral infection

Diseases caused by molds in humans

Disseminated mucormycosis caused by absidia corymbifera

Ecology, detection and identification problems of moulds in indoor environments

The effect of exposure to ozone and nitrogen dioxide on the airway response of atopic asthmatics to inhaled allergen dose-and time-dependent effects

Effect of individual metabolic characteristics on genotoxicity

Effect of vitamin E on autolysis and sporulation of aspergillus nidulans

Effects after mold exposure – which are the causative agents?

Effects of air pollution on daily hospital admissions for respiratory disease in London between 1987-88 and 1991-92

Effects of citrinin on iron-redox cycle

Effect of inhaled environmental pollutants on the mucous membrane of the upper airways

Effects of mycotoxins on cytokine production and proliferation in EL-4 thymoma cells

Effects of mycotoxins on human immune functions in vitro

Effects of rosmarinic acid against aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin-A-induced cell damage in a human hepatoma cell line

Effects of toxic exposure to molds and mycotoxins in building- related illnesses

Efficacy of ozonized sunflower oil in the treatment of tinea pedis

Emerging fungal pathogens: evolving challenges to immunocompromised patients for the twenty-first century

Entomophthoromycosis caused by conidiobolus coronatus: clinicomycological study of a case

Environmental causes of infertility

Environmental factors and respiratory hypersensitivity: experiences from studies in Eastern and Western Europe

Environmental risk factors (outdoor air pollution and climatic changes) and increased trend of respiratory allergy

Environment, decision-making and well-being - insecurity, uncertainty and crisis of expertise

Evaluation and a predictive model of airborne fungal concentrations in school classrooms

Evaluation of media for detection of stachybotrys and chaetomium species associated with water-damaged buildings

Evidence of inadequate ventilation in portable classrooms: results of a pilot study in Los Angeles County

Evidence of nanobacterial-like structures in human calcified arteries and cardiac valves-the nanobacteria fungal colonization battle

Exposure to bioaerosols

Exposure measures for studies of mold and dampness and respiratory health

Exposure to stachybotrys chartarum induces immunoglobulin a antibody response in man

Exposure to toxigenic fungi (stachybotrys) in a water-damaged office environment

Fatal cerebral mycoses caused by the ascomycete chaetomium strumarium

Fibromyalgia, excessive nitric oxide/peroxynitrite and excessive NMDA activity

First Case of arthrographis kalrae ethmoid sinusitis and ophthalmitis in the People's Republic of China

40-year-old man with headaches and dyspnea

Four conserved intramolecular disulphide linkages are required for secretion and cell wall localization of a hydrophobin during fungal morphogenesis

FT-IR spectroscopy as a tool for rapid identification and intra-species characterization of airborne filamentous fungi

Fungal bezoar and bladder rupture secondary to candida tropicalis

Fungal exposure and IGg-levels of occupants in houses with and without mold problems

Fungal growth in buildings: the aerobiological perspective

Fungal levels in the home and allergic rhinitis by 5 years of age

Fungal meningitis manifesting as hydrocephalus

Fungal spores: hazardous to health?

Fusarium nail and skin infection: a report of eight cases from Natal, Brazil

General environmental pollutants: effect on at-risk groups

Growth conditions of streptomyces anulatus regulate induced inflammatory responses and cyto toxicity in macrophages

Guidance for clinicians on the management and health effects of indoor molds-PDF

Health and immunology study following exposure to toxigenic fungi (stachybotrys chartarum [atra]) in a water-damaged office environment

Health concerns associated with mold in water-damaged homes after Hurricanes Katrina and Rita --- New Orleans area, Louisiana, October 2005

Health effects of indoor fungal bioaerosol exposure

Health effects, pathology, epidemiology - rating **

Health hazards related to allergen exposure

Histopathological examination of in vitro bone degeneration caused by a black yeast, exophiala spinifera

Hyperacute physiological changes following prospective exposures to environmental sources of trichothecene toxins in water-damaged buildings (WDB): a Stealth toxin is revealed

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis from toxic mold exposure

Hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis due to aspergillus flavus

IAQ and human toxicosis: empirical evidence and theory

Identifying and preventing fungal contamination problems in new home construction

Identifying markers for chronic illness in pediatric patients exposed to water damaged buildings

Immunochemical detection of mycotoxins associated with stachybotryotoxicosis

Immunological biomonitoring in the assessment of exposure to airborne fungi from waste handling

In vitro inhibitory effect of aflatoxin B(1)

Increased resting heart rate with pollutants in a population based study

Indoor airborne fungal spores, house dampness and associations with environmental factors and respiratory health in children

Indoor air quality control

Indoor mold exposure associated with neurobehavioral and pulmonary impairment: a preliminary report

Indoor mold, toxigenic fungi, and Stachybotrys chartarum: infectious disease perspective

Indoor moulds: a public health problem in Belgium

Infectious arthritis

Inflammatory potential of the spores of penicillium spinulosum isolated from indoor air of a moisture-damaged building in mouse lungs

Inhalation of (1 ®3)- b-D-glucan in humans

Interactions between Streptomyces californicus and Stachybotrys chartarum can induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages

Intramedullary blastomycosis in a child: case report

Intracranial aspergillosis in a non-immunocompromised patient treated for muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Invasive aspergillosis in critically ill patients without malignancy

Invasive aspergillosis with polyarthritis-Rating**

Journal of chronic fatigue syndrome: multidisciplinary innovations in research, theory, and clinical practice

Keratitis due to a coelomycetous fungus: case reports and review of the literature - Rating**

Localized invasive intracranial aspergillosis with multiple cranial nerve failure -- case report and review of the literature

Lymphoma, B-cell - Rating**

Lymphoma, diffuse large cell - Rating ***

Metabolism of mycotoxins, intracellular functions of vitamin B12, and neurological manifestations in patients with chronic toxigenic mold exposures. A Review

Mechanisms of adverse health effects of moldy house microbes: in vitro and in vivo studies on toxic effects and inflammatory responses

Mechanisms of aflatoxin B1 lung tumorigenesis-Rating**

Mechanisms of pollution-induced airway disease: in vitro studies in the upper and lower airways

Membrane toxic substances in water-damaged construction materials and fungal pure cultures

Microbes and moisture content of materials from damaged building

Microbial transformations of mercury: potentials, challenges, and achievements in controlling mercury toxicity in the environment

Microbiological threat from buildings and rooms and its influence on human health (sick building syndrome)-Poland-Rating***

Microorganisms surviving for 5300 years - Rating **

Mitigation of visible fungal contamination in buildings: experience from 1993 - 1998

Mixed mold mycotoxicosis: immunological changes in humans following exposure in water-damaged buildings

Mold and moisture transfer in building structures and buildings with particular regard to the prevention of health hazards

Mold associated respiratory illness

Mold, mycotoxins, and human health -Rating ****

Molds as an environmental factor in infant leukemia?-Rating**

Molds, mycotoxins, and public health. PDF-Rating*****

Monitoring the occurrence of fungi in the air and environment at the hemato-oncology clinic of a faculty hospital - Rating **

Multiple brain abscesses caused by cladophialophora

Multiple chemical sensitivity - Rating ***

Multiple chemical sensitivity: a 1999 consensus

Multiple chemical sensitivity - the end of controversy-Rating ***

Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene and ras oncogenes in aflatoxin hepatocarcinogenesis

Mycotoxin cytotoxicity screening of field samples

Mycotoxin spectra as a biochemical parameter for occupational and environmental fungus exposure

Mycotoxins_NIH - Rating *****  

Mycotoxins and building-related illness

Mycotoxins; linking evidence and experience - Rating ****

Neural autoantibodies and neurophysiologic abnormalities in patients exposed to molds in water-damaged buildings

Neuronal effects of microbial toxins

Neurophysiological effects of chronic indoor environmental toxic mold exposure on children

Neuropsychological performance of patients following mold exposure

Neurotoxic effects of microbial toxins

Novel chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) theory finally produces detailed explanations for many CFS observations

Occupational exposure to molds, diseases and diagnosis

Occurrence of toxigenic aspergillus versicolor isolates and sterigmatocystin in carpet dust from damp indoor environments

Ochratoxin A genotoxicity, relation to renal tumors

Ochratoxin A-induced DNA damage in human fibroblast

Ochratoxin A: induction of (oxidative) DNA damage, cytotoxic

Orbital apex syndrome due to aspergilliosis

Pathogenic molds (including aspergillus species) in hospital water distribution systems: a 3-year prospective study and clinical implications for patients with hematologic malignancies

Pathogenesis of indoor fungal diseases

Pilot analysis of the immune response to fungal antigens in subjects working in humidity damaged houses - Rating ***

Pleural diffusion of voriconazole in a patient with aspergillus fumigatus empyema thoracis

Post-traumatic intracranial epidural aspergillus fumigatus abscess

Potential of trichothecene-induced leukocyte cytotoxicity and apoptosis by TNF- and Fas activation

Prevalence of fungi in carpet dust samples

Prevention and treatment of skin lesion of T-2 toxin

Prevention of fumonisin B1-induced neural tube defects by folic acid

Prevention of fumonisin-induced maternal and developmental toxicity in rats by certain plant extracts

Primary mycotic abscess of the brain caused by fonsecaea

Profiles of airborne fungi in buildings and outdoor environments in the United States

Pulmonary aspergilloma: results of surgical treatment. Report of a series of 206 cases

Pulmonary aspergillosis with possible cerebral involvement

Pulmonary hemorrhage among infants with exposure to toxigenic molds - Rating ***

Pulmonary reactions to organic dust exposures: development of an animal model

Radon safe foundation, moisture prevention and air exchange in a healthy building

Rapid differentiation of aspergillus species from other medically important opportunistic molds and yeasts by PCR-enzyme immunoassay

Regulation of secondary metabolism in filamentous fungi

Relationship between lung cancer and aflatoxin B1

Researchers prove chemoprevention can work

Respiratory allergic diseases induced by outdoor air pollution in urban areas

Risk assessment for neurobehavioral toxicity - Rating ****

Risk communication and protection and the protection of children's environmental health

Sampling, results & remediation in 300 "sick houses"

Schools, mould, and health;  an intervention study

Sensitisation to airborne moulds and severity of asthma: cross sectional study from European community  respiratory health survey

Sensitivity to Quorn mycoprotein (Fusarium venenatum) in a mould allergic patient

Sensitization to molds and respiratory symptoms in school children

Short communication A study of UV light therapy

Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and visits to accident and emergency departments in London for respiratory complaints

Short-term effects of air pollution on daily asthma emergency room admissions

Sick Building Syndrome: possible association with exposure to mycotoxins from indoor air fungi

Sick building syndrome III - stachybotrys chartarum

Siderophore biosynthesis but not reductive iron assimilation is essential for aspergillus fumigatus virulence

Spinal arachnoiditis due to aspergillus meningitis in a previously healthy patient

Spinal aspergillus vertebral osteomyelitis with extradural abscess: case report and review of literature

Sporulation of the hyphomycete stachybotrys chartarum under three light conditions

Stachybotrys, a mycotoxin-producing fungus of increasing toxicologic importance - Rating ***

Stachybotrys chartarum (atra): A mold that may be found in water-damaged homes

Stachybotrys induced hemorrhage in the developing lung

Stachybotrys: relevance to human disease

Sudden death secondary to fulminant intracranial aspergilliosis in a healthy teenager after posterior fossa surgery: the role of corticosteroids and prophylactic recommendations

Surgical treatment for fungal infections in the central nervous system

Survival of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in stored synovial fluids

Symptoms associated to work in a water damaged school building

Systemic Penicillium marneffei infection in a child with common variable immunodeficiency

The biological activities of the metabolites of microbes present in the indoor air

The effects of ambient air pollution on school absenteeism due to respiratory illnesses

The fundamentals of mold-related illness; when to suspect the environment is making a patient sick

The immunopathology of hypersensitivity reactions

The impact of environmental molds in the home disclosures - Rating ***

The mold after the storm; A stachybotrys survey in Central Florida

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol affects nutrient absorption in human intestinal epithelial cells

The mycotoxins citrinin, gliotoxin, and patulin affect interferon-gamma rather than interleukin-4 production in human blood cells

The neurological significance of abnormal natural killer cell activity in chronic toxigenic mold exposures

The role of parasites and fungi in secondary infertility

The role of stachybotrys mycotoxins in building-related illness - Rating ****

The toxicology of mycotoxins

Time-series study of sick building syndrome: chronic, biotoxin-associated illness from exposure to water-damaged buildings

Toxigenic fungi, and stachybotrys chartarum, chaetomium: infectious disease perspective (edited version)

Toxic mold:  The killers among us - indoor toxic molds and their symptoms

Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans

Toxigenic fungi: which are important?

TAB E – trichothecene mycotoxin (T-2) military - Rating ****

Treatment of late onset autism as a consequence of probable autoimmune processes related to chronic infection

Trichothecene mycotoxins in some water-damaged buildings

Trichothecenes

Trichothecenes and biological warfare-US military - Rating ****

Trichothecenes as a potent inducer of apoptosis

Unsuccessful treatment with voriconazole of a brain abscess due to cladophialophora bantiana

Urinary ascites and anuria caused by bilateral fungal balls in a premature infant

Vibrotactile threshold and pin-prick sensitivity as indicators of subclinical changes in somatosensory function: effects of environmental exposure to arsenic in drinking water

Waste handling is strongly associated with dyspnoea

Work-related asthma in teachers in Connecticut: association with chronic water damage and fungal growth in schools

When biotoxins are tools of terror - Rating ****

Why are there still problems with fungal allergen extracts?

Why is allergy increasing?--environmental factors 

Aspergillus terreus as a cause of mycotic abortion in cows

The effects of aflatoxin on the reproductive system of roosters

The time course of responses to intratracheally instilled toxic stachybotrys chartarum spores in rats
 

Tremorgenic mycotoxicosis in four dogs from a single household

Zinc, thymic endocrine activity and mitogen responsiveness (PHA) in piglets exposed to maternal aflatoxicosis B1 and G1

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